Knowledge Layer
Corporate finance logic, codified.
A structured knowledge base connecting financial methods, standards, market evidence and precedent structures to the assumptions and checks used in a model. Every assumption in a COASE model carries its lineage: where it comes from, what it constrains, how it is tested.
Reference base
01Corporate Finance Theory & Research
Valuation, capital structure, investment decisions and financial distress.
Corporate Finance Theory & Research
Valuation, capital structure, investment decisions and financial distress.- Aswath Damodaran — Investment Valuation; Damodaran on ValuationDCF and relative valuation, bottom-up betas, country risk and the valuation of private and distressed businesses.
- McKinsey — Koller, Goedhart & Wessels — ValuationROIC, reinvestment, growth and continuing value.
- Brealey, Myers, Allen & Edmans — Principles of Corporate FinanceCapital budgeting, financing policy, capital structure and adjusted present value.
- Pratt & Grabowski — Cost of Capital: Applications and ExamplesDiscount-rate estimation, equity risk premiums and valuation-specific adjustments.
- Altman, Hotchkiss & Wang — Corporate Financial Distress, Restructuring, and BankruptcyDistress prediction, leveraged finance, restructuring and recovery analysis.
- Foundational research — Modigliani–Miller and SharpeCapital structure, the cost of capital and the relationship between systematic risk and expected returns.
02Market Evidence & Empirical Benchmarks
Reference data for discount rates, operating assumptions and credit scenarios.
Market Evidence & Empirical Benchmarks
Reference data for discount rates, operating assumptions and credit scenarios.- NYU Stern — Damodaran DataIndustry betas, equity and country risk premiums, valuation multiples, margins, returns on capital and reinvestment benchmarks.
- European Central Bank & FRED — Federal Reserve Bank of St. LouisYield curves, interest rates, credit spreads, inflation and macroeconomic series.
- Kroll — Cost of Capital NavigatorEquity, size and country risk premiums; industry and company-level cost-of-capital data.
- S&P Global Ratings — Default, Transition and Recovery researchCorporate default experience, rating migration and credit-performance benchmarks.
03Accounting, Legal & Professional Frameworks
Selected according to the mandate, the jurisdiction and the reporting basis.
Accounting, Legal & Professional Frameworks
Selected according to the mandate, the jurisdiction and the reporting basis.- OIC, IFRS/IAS & FASB ASCRevenue recognition, leases, impairment, financial instruments, cash-flow reporting and taxation, including IFRS 15 / OIC 34, IFRS 16, IAS 36 / OIC 9 and IAS 12 / OIC 25.
- Italian Civil Code — Book VCorporate governance, share capital, financial statements, mergers and demergers.
- Codice della crisi d’impresa e dell’insolvenza — D.Lgs. 14/2019, as amendedRecovery plans, debt restructuring agreements, negotiated settlements and court-supervised restructuring.
- CNDCEC & Ministry of JusticePrinciples for preparing and attesting recovery plans; the checklist and practical test for composizione negoziata.
- OIV — PIV; IVSC — IVS; IPEV Valuation Guidelines; EBA Loan Origination GuidelinesBases of value, valuation approaches and reporting requirements; lender-facing credit analysis.
04Modelling Standards & Methods
How models are built, documented and controlled.
Modelling Standards & Methods
How models are built, documented and controlled.- ICAEW Financial Modelling CodeModel architecture, assumption management and documentation.
- FAST StandardFlexible, appropriate, structured and transparent model design; calculation transparency and controls.
- SSRB Best Practice Spreadsheet Modelling StandardsSpreadsheet structure, review and error control.
- COASE model structures and mechanics libraryReusable model architectures and calculation methods, built to the standards above.